Pain Management in Umbrella Cockatoos
Bird · Cacatua alba · typical adult weight 0.40–0.70 kg
5 cited drugs treat Pain Management in umbrella cockatoos: Butorphanol, Carprofen, Flunixin Meglumine, Ibuprofen, Phenylbutazone.
Multimodal analgesia spanning NSAIDs, opioids, local anaesthetics, NMDA antagonists (ketamine), α2 agonists, and adjuncts. Species safety matters: NSAIDs are unsafe in some reptiles, opioid receptor distributions differ in birds, and rabbits tolerate buprenorphine particularly well.
The overview above describes Pain Management across species; the citations below are the ExoticRx dose rules scoped to umbrella cockatoos — a reference list, not new species-specific clinical guidance.
Butorphanol(Torbugesic, Torbutrol)
Analgesic| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IM, IV | 0.5–4 mg/kg | q1-4h | Analgesia | Moderate | 193. Curro TG, Brunson DB, Paul-Murphy J. Determination of the ED50 of isoflurane and evaluation of the isoflurane-sparing effect of butorphanol in cockatoos (Cacatua spp.). Vet Surg. 1994;23:429-433. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.448 doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.1994.tb00502.x — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.5 (Chemical Restraint/Anesthetic/Sedative/Analgesic Agents Used in Birds.a,b). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929 |
Carprofen(Rimadyl, Novox)
Analgesic| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SC, IM | 2–10 mg/kg | not stated in source | Anti-inflammatory / analgesia | Weak | 43. Bailey TA, Apo MM. Pharmaceutics commonly used in avian medicine. In: Samour J, eds. Avian Medicine, 3rd ed., Mosby Elsevier, Edinburgh, Scotland; 2016:637-678. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.458 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.6 (Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents Used in Birds). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929; Avian Medicine (Samour) — ISBN 9780723438328, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780723438328 |
Flunixin Meglumine(Banamine)
Analgesic| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IM | 0.5 mg/kg | not stated in source | Anti-inflammatory / analgesia | Weak | 396. Heard D. Anesthesia and analgesia. In: Altman RB, Clubb SL, Dorrestein GM, et al. Avian Medicine and Surgery; Saunders, Philadelphia, PA; 1997:807-827. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.458 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.6 (Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents Used in Birds). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929; Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia — ISBN 9780813811833, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780813811833 |
Ibuprofen
Analgesic| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PO | 5–10 mg/kg | q8-12h | Anti-inflammatory / analgesia | Moderate | 255. Edling TM. Anaesthesia and analgesia. In: Chitty J, Harcourt-Brown N, eds. BSAVA Manual of Psittacine Birds; British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Gloucester, UK; 2005:87-96. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.459 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.6 (Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents Used in Birds). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part A — Canine and Feline — ISBN 9781910443705, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781910443705; Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929 |
Phenylbutazone(Butazolidin)
Analgesic| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PO | 3.5–7 mg/kg | q8-12h | Anti-inflammatory / analgesia | Weak | 255. Edling TM. Anaesthesia and analgesia. In: Chitty J, Harcourt-Brown N, eds. BSAVA Manual of Psittacine Birds; British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Gloucester, UK; 2005:87-96. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.460 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.6 (Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents Used in Birds). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part A — Canine and Feline — ISBN 9781910443705, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781910443705; Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929 |
Other conditions in Umbrella Cockatoos
Sourced from published veterinary references; awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer. See our editorial process. Reference only — not veterinary advice. Verify against current literature before clinical use.