Bird · Psittacus erithacus · typical adult weight 0.40–0.65 kg
Epinephrine is dosed at 0.1–0.5 mg/kg IM once in african grey parrots, per Rupley AE. Critical care of pet birds. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 1998;1:11-41. doi:10.1016/S1094-9194(17)30153-6; Lichtenberger M, Lennox A. Critical care. In: Speer B, eds. Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery; Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2016:582-588. — Verified against Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.487 (2026-08-01). — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.16 (Agents Used in Bird Emergencies.a). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929; Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery — ISBN 9781455746712, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781455746712. Epinephrine is used in african grey parrots for Cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, Cardiac arrest. Routes documented in african grey parrots: IM, IV. A typical adult african grey parrot weighs 0.40–0.65 kg. ExoticRx lists 2 cited dose rules for Epinephrine in african grey parrots, drawn from published veterinary references. Verify against current literature before clinical use.
US trade names: Adrenalin
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Duration | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IM | 0.1–0.5 mg/kg | once | Emergency | Cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis | Extrapolated | Rupley AE. Critical care of pet birds. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 1998;1:11-41. doi:10.1016/S1094-9194(17)30153-6; Lichtenberger M, Lennox A. Critical care. In: Speer B, eds. Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery; Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2016:582-588. — Verified against Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.487 (2026-08-01). — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.16 (Agents Used in Bird Emergencies.a). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929; Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery — ISBN 9781455746712, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781455746712 |
| IV | 0.1–0.5 mg/kg | not stated in source | During CPR | Cardiac arrest | Extrapolated | Hawkins MG, Barron H, Speer BL, et al. Birds. In: Carpenter JW, eds. Exotic Animal Formulary, 4th ed., Elsevier Saunders, St. Louis, MO; 2013:183-437.; Redig PT. Avian emergencies. In: Beynon PH, Forbes NA, Harcourt-Brown NH, eds. BSAVA Manual of Raptors, Pigeons and Waterfowl; Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA; 1996:30-41.; Rupley AE. Critical care of pet birds. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 1998;1:11-41. — Verified against Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.548 (2026-08-01). — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.16 (Agents Used in Bird Emergencies.a). Located 2026-08-05: the only table covering this species in which the drug's own row prints this dose. The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part A — Canine and Feline — ISBN 9781910443705, ; Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, ; Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery — ISBN 9781455746712, |
Every held source for this drug and species, as printed. Where they differ, both are shown — the choice is yours, not ours.
The sources disagree for this combination. The ranges below do not overlap on a comparable route. This is not an error in one of them — published veterinary references differ, and reconciling them for a particular patient is a clinical judgement.
| Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 | IV | BSAVA Manual of Psittacine Birds, 2nd edp.315 | .1 mg/kg i.v., intra-osseous, • F | or cardiac arrest |
| 0.01 | — | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.16 | 0.01 mg/kg |
| Dose (ml/kg) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5–1 | IM |
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These ranges are per kg. Enter your african grey parrot's weight to get the precise dose and draw-up volume — unit and concentration math done for you.
Non-selective adrenergic agonist (alpha and beta). Increases heart rate, contractility, and vascular tone. Bronchodilator. First-line for cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis.
Causes tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension. Dilute for IV use (1:10,000). Tissue necrosis if extravasated. Very short duration of action. Light-sensitive.
Species-specific contraindications and adverse-reaction reports for african grey parrots may differ from canine / feline reference data — consult the primary citations listed with each rule.
Epinephrine dose ranges in african grey parrots, with cited source references: IM 0.1–0.5 mg/kg once; IV 0.1–0.5 mg/kg not stated in source. Reference ranges from cited sources — verify against current literature before clinical use.
Documented routes for Epinephrine in african grey parrots: IM, IV.
Cited course lengths for Epinephrine in african grey parrots include: Emergency; During CPR. Duration depends on the indication — match it to the specific dose rule in the table above.
Epinephrine is indicated in african grey parrots for: Cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, Cardiac arrest.
These are general warnings for Epinephrine across species; consult the african grey parrot dosing table above for species-specific guidance. Causes tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension. Dilute for IV use (1:10,000). Tissue necrosis if extravasated. Very short duration of action. Light-sensitive.
Why a species-specific page? Epinephrine pharmacokinetics differ across species: dose ranges, intervals, and route preferences are not interchangeable. Cross-extrapolation from canine doses is unsafe in african grey parrots — the rules above are the citations specific to this species, not generic recommendations.
Sourced from published veterinary references; awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer. See our editorial process. Reference only — not veterinary advice.
| 0.5-1 mL/kg IM, IV, IO, intratracheal |
Figures are transcribed from the cited page or table of each held edition and are shown for reference only. They are not dose recommendations, they do not feed the calculator, and none has been reviewed by a veterinarian.