Bird · Cacatua alba · typical adult weight 0.40–0.70 kg
Metronidazole is dosed at 50 mg/kg PO q12h in umbrella cockatoos, per 789. Rupiper DJ. Personal communication. 2004. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.417 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.1 (Antimicrobial Agents Used in Birds.a). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929 — SOURCE ROW: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, corpus p.417 — "Metronidazole 50 mg/kg PO q12h x30 days(789) — Amazon parrots, cockatoos/anaerobic and hemorrhagic enteritis". PROVENANCE: reference 789 resolves in Carpenter's own list to "Rupiper DJ. Personal communication. 2004." - an unpublished source, so this 30-day regimen rests on one clinician's recollection.. Metronidazole is used in umbrella cockatoos for Anaerobic and haemorrhagic enteritis, Anaerobic bacterial infection. Routes documented in umbrella cockatoos: PO. A typical adult umbrella cockatoo weighs 0.40–0.70 kg. ExoticRx lists 2 cited dose rules for Metronidazole in umbrella cockatoos, drawn from published veterinary references. Verify against current literature before clinical use.
US trade names: Flagyl
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Duration | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PO | 50 mg/kg | q12h | 30 days | Anaerobic and haemorrhagic enteritis | Weak | 789. Rupiper DJ. Personal communication. 2004. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.417 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.1 (Antimicrobial Agents Used in Birds.a). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929 — SOURCE ROW: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, corpus p.417 — "Metronidazole 50 mg/kg PO q12h x30 days(789) — Amazon parrots, cockatoos/anaerobic and hemorrhagic enteritis". PROVENANCE: reference 789 resolves in Carpenter's own list to "Rupiper DJ. Personal communication. 2004." - an unpublished source, so this 30-day regimen rests on one clinician's recollection. |
| PO | 50 mg/kg | q24h | — | Anaerobic bacterial infection | Weak | 391. Hawkins MG, Barron H, Speer BL, et al. Birds. In: Carpenter JW, eds. Exotic Animal Formulary, 4th ed., Elsevier Saunders, St. Louis, MO; 2013:183-437. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.417 — SOURCE EDITION: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929; Current Therapy in Avian Medicine and Surgery — ISBN 9781455746712, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781455746712 |
Every held source for this drug and species, as printed. Where they differ, both are shown — the choice is yours, not ours.
The sources disagree for this combination. The ranges below do not overlap on a comparable route. This is not an error in one of them — published veterinary references differ, and reconciling them for a particular patient is a clinical judgement.
| Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40 | PO | BSAVA Manual of Psittacine Birds, 2nd edp.287 | 40 mg/kg orally q24h 25 mg/kg orally q12h [Flagyl suspension 40 mg/ml (Hawgreen): 1 drop per Budgerigar; 0.1 ml per Cockatiel\ | Main uses against trichomoniasis in Budgerigars, an |
| 25 | PO | BSAVA Manual of Psittacine Birds, 2nd edp.287 | 40 mg/kg orally q24h 25 mg/kg orally q12h [Flagyl suspension 40 mg/ml (Hawgreen): 1 drop per Budgerigar; 0.1 ml per Cockatiel\ | Main uses against trichomoniasis in Budgerigars, an |
| 30 | PO | BSAVA Manual of Psittacine Birds, 2nd edp.313 | 30 mg/kg orally q12h | Active against Giardia |
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These ranges are per kg. Enter your umbrella cockatoo's weight to get the precise dose and draw-up volume — unit and concentration math done for you.
Disrupts DNA structure in anaerobic organisms via reduction of nitro group, forming cytotoxic intermediates.
Neurotoxicity at high doses or prolonged use (ataxia, seizures). Avoid in pregnant animals. Hepatotoxic at high doses.
Species-specific contraindications and adverse-reaction reports for umbrella cockatoos may differ from canine / feline reference data — consult the primary citations listed with each rule.
Metronidazole dose ranges in umbrella cockatoos, with cited source references: PO 50 mg/kg q12h; PO 50 mg/kg q24h. Reference ranges from cited sources — verify against current literature before clinical use.
Documented routes for Metronidazole in umbrella cockatoos: PO.
Cited course lengths for Metronidazole in umbrella cockatoos include: 30 days. Duration depends on the indication — match it to the specific dose rule in the table above.
Metronidazole is indicated in umbrella cockatoos for: Anaerobic and haemorrhagic enteritis, Anaerobic bacterial infection.
These are general warnings for Metronidazole across species; consult the umbrella cockatoo dosing table above for species-specific guidance. Neurotoxicity at high doses or prolonged use (ataxia, seizures). Avoid in pregnant animals. Hepatotoxic at high doses.
Why a species-specific page? Metronidazole pharmacokinetics differ across species: dose ranges, intervals, and route preferences are not interchangeable. Cross-extrapolation from canine doses is unsafe in umbrella cockatoos — the rules above are the citations specific to this species, not generic recommendations.
Sourced from published veterinary references; awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer. See our editorial process. Reference only — not veterinary advice.
| 30 |
| PO |
| BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed — Part B (Exotic Pets)p.217 |
| 30 mg/kg p.o. q12h |
| 25 | PO | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 25 mg/kg PO q12h ×2-10 days |
| 25–50 | PO | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 25-50 mg/kg PO q12- 24h × 5-10 days |
| 30 | PO | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 30 mg/kg PO q12h ×5-10 days |
| 10 | IM | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.1 | 10 mg/kg IM q24h ×2 days |
| 10–30 | PO | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 10-30 mg/kg PO, IM q12h × 10 days 43,941 |
| 50 | PO | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.1 | 50 mg/kg PO q24h ×5-7 days |
| 10–20 | IM | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 10-20 mg/kg IM q12-24h ×2 days |
| Dose (mg/l) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40–80 | — | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 40-80 mg/L drinking water × 3 days 100 mg/L drinking water Ca 200 mg/L drinking water × 7 P days 370 mg/L drinking water Pa |
| 100 | — | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 40-80 mg/L drinking water × 3 days 100 mg/L drinking water Ca 200 mg/L drinking water × 7 P days 370 mg/L drinking water Pa |
| 200 | — | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 40-80 mg/L drinking water × 3 days 100 mg/L drinking water Ca 200 mg/L drinking water × 7 P days 370 mg/L drinking water Pa |
| 370 | — | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 40-80 mg/L drinking water × 3 days 100 mg/L drinking water Ca 200 mg/L drinking water × 7 P days 370 mg/L drinking water Pa |
| Dose (mg/ml) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40 | PO | BSAVA Manual of Psittacine Birds, 2nd edp.287 | 40 mg/kg orally q24h 25 mg/kg orally q12h [Flagyl suspension 40 mg/ml (Hawgreen): 1 drop per Budgerigar; 0.1 ml per Cockatiel\ | Main uses against trichomoniasis in Budgerigars, an |
Figures are transcribed from the cited page or table of each held edition and are shown for reference only. They are not dose recommendations, they do not feed the calculator, and none has been reviewed by a veterinarian.