Bird · Ara ararauna · typical adult weight 0.90–1.30 kg
Terbutaline is dosed at 0.1 mg/kg PO q12-24h in blue-and-gold macaws, per Rupiper DJ. Personal communication. 2004. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.494 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.18 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Birds). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929 — SOURCE ROW: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.18, corpus p.494 — "Terbutaline 0.1 mg/kg PO q12-24h(789) — Macaws, Amazon parrots/bronchodilator; obstructive pulmonary disease". Reference 789 = "Rupiper DJ. Personal communication. 2004." — an UNPUBLISHED personal communication, which is why this is graded ANECDOTAL. The same table prints 0.01 mg/kg PO, IM q6h for psittacines generally, from a published source.. Terbutaline is used in blue-and-gold macaws for Bronchodilator; obstructive pulmonary disease; pneumonitis, Smooth muscle bronchodilator (respiratory inhalant toxin exposure). Routes documented in blue-and-gold macaws: PO, PO, IM. A typical adult blue-and-gold macaw weighs 0.90–1.30 kg. ExoticRx lists 2 cited dose rules for Terbutaline in blue-and-gold macaws, drawn from published veterinary references. Verify against current literature before clinical use.
US trade names: Brethine
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PO | 0.1 mg/kg | q12-24h | Bronchodilator; obstructive pulmonary disease; pneumonitis | Anecdotal | Rupiper DJ. Personal communication. 2004. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.494 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.18 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Birds). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929 — SOURCE ROW: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.18, corpus p.494 — "Terbutaline 0.1 mg/kg PO q12-24h(789) — Macaws, Amazon parrots/bronchodilator; obstructive pulmonary disease". Reference 789 = "Rupiper DJ. Personal communication. 2004." — an UNPUBLISHED personal communication, which is why this is graded ANECDOTAL. The same table prints 0.01 mg/kg PO, IM q6h for psittacines generally, from a published source. |
| PO, IM | 0.01 mg/kg | q6h | Smooth muscle bronchodilator (respiratory inhalant toxin exposure) | Weak | Lichtenberger M. Treatment of respiratory inhalant toxins in 4 psittacine birds. Proc Annu Conf Assoc Avian Vet; 2003:39-43. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.494 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.18 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Birds). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929 — SOURCE ROW: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.18, corpus p.494 — "Terbutaline 0.01 mg/kg PO, IM q6h(529) — Psittacines/alpha2-selective smooth muscle bronchodilator". Reference 529 = Lichtenberger M, "Treatment of respiratory inhalant toxins in 4 psittacine birds", Proc Annu Conf Assoc Avian Vet 2003:39-43 — a four-bird conference report, which is why this is graded WEAK across every species it covers. |
Every held source for this drug and species, as printed. Where they differ, both are shown — the choice is yours, not ours.
The sources disagree for this combination. The ranges below do not overlap on a comparable route. This is not an error in one of them — published veterinary references differ, and reconciling them for a particular patient is a clinical judgement.
| Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 | IM | BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed — Part B (Exotic Pets)p.293 | 0.1 mg/kg i.m. in an emergency |
| 0.01 | — | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.8 | 0.01 mg/kg with 9 mL saline |
| 0.01 | PO | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.17 | 0.01 mg/kg PO, IM q6h |
| 0.1 | PO | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th ed |
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These ranges are per kg. Enter your blue-and-gold macaw's weight to get the precise dose and draw-up volume — unit and concentration math done for you.
Selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist. Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, promoting bronchodilation. Also inhibits mast cell mediator release.
Tachycardia, tremors, and restlessness at high doses. Use with caution in animals with cardiac arrhythmias or hyperthyroidism. Monitor heart rate.
Species-specific contraindications and adverse-reaction reports for blue-and-gold macaws may differ from canine / feline reference data — consult the primary citations listed with each rule.
Terbutaline dose ranges in blue-and-gold macaws, with cited source references: PO 0.1 mg/kg q12-24h; PO, IM 0.01 mg/kg q6h. Reference ranges from cited sources — verify against current literature before clinical use.
Documented routes for Terbutaline in blue-and-gold macaws: PO, PO, IM.
Terbutaline is indicated in blue-and-gold macaws for: Bronchodilator; obstructive pulmonary disease; pneumonitis, Smooth muscle bronchodilator (respiratory inhalant toxin exposure).
These are general warnings for Terbutaline across species; consult the blue-and-gold macaw dosing table above for species-specific guidance. Tachycardia, tremors, and restlessness at high doses. Use with caution in animals with cardiac arrhythmias or hyperthyroidism. Monitor heart rate.
Why a species-specific page? Terbutaline pharmacokinetics differ across species: dose ranges, intervals, and route preferences are not interchangeable. Cross-extrapolation from canine doses is unsafe in blue-and-gold macaws — the rules above are the citations specific to this species, not generic recommendations.
Sourced from published veterinary references; awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer. See our editorial process. Reference only — not veterinary advice.
| 0.1 mg/kg PO q12-24h |
Figures are transcribed from the cited page or table of each held edition and are shown for reference only. They are not dose recommendations, they do not feed the calculator, and none has been reviewed by a veterinarian.