Bird · Ara ararauna · typical adult weight 0.90–1.30 kg
Theophylline is dosed at 5–10 mg/kg PO q12h in blue-and-gold macaws, per Beaufrère H. Personal observation. 2017/2020. — Mined from Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.494 (2026-08-01, PENDING REVIEW). Theophylline is used in blue-and-gold macaws for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Routes documented in blue-and-gold macaws: PO. A typical adult blue-and-gold macaw weighs 0.90–1.30 kg. ExoticRx lists 1 cited dose rule for Theophylline in blue-and-gold macaws, drawn from published veterinary references. Verify against current literature before clinical use.
US trade names: Theo-Dur, Theo-24
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PO | 5–10 mg/kg | q12h | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Weak | Beaufrère H. Personal observation. 2017/2020. — Mined from Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.494 (2026-08-01, PENDING REVIEW) |
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Inhibits phosphodiesterase, increasing cAMP. Also antagonizes adenosine receptors. Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle and improves diaphragmatic contractility.
Narrow therapeutic index. Serum monitoring recommended (10-20 mcg/ml). Tachycardia, GI upset, CNS stimulation, seizures in overdose. Many drug interactions (fluoroquinolones, cimetidine increase levels).
Species-specific contraindications and adverse-reaction reports for blue-and-gold macaws may differ from canine / feline reference data — consult the primary citations listed with each rule.
Theophylline dose range in blue-and-gold macaws, with cited source references: PO 5–10 mg/kg q12h. Reference ranges from cited sources — verify against current literature before clinical use.
Documented routes for Theophylline in blue-and-gold macaws: PO.
Theophylline is indicated in blue-and-gold macaws for: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
These are general warnings for Theophylline across species; consult the blue-and-gold macaw dosing table above for species-specific guidance. Narrow therapeutic index. Serum monitoring recommended (10-20 mcg/ml). Tachycardia, GI upset, CNS stimulation, seizures in overdose. Many drug interactions (fluoroquinolones, cimetidine increase levels).
Why a species-specific page? Theophylline pharmacokinetics differ across species: dose ranges, intervals, and route preferences are not interchangeable. Cross-extrapolation from canine doses is unsafe in blue-and-gold macaws — the rules above are the citations specific to this species, not generic recommendations.
Sourced from published veterinary references; awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer. See our editorial process. Reference only — not veterinary advice.