Bird · Columba livia domestica · typical adult weight 0.30–0.50 kg
Toltrazuril is dosed at 20–35 mg/kg PO once in domestic pigeons, per 964. Vercruysse J. Efficacy of toltrazuril and clazuril against experimental infections with Eimeria labbeana and E. columbarum in racing pigeons. Avian Dis. 1990;34:73-79. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.445 doi:10.2307/1591336 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Birds). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929. Toltrazuril is used in domestic pigeons for Coccidiosis (oocyst shedding suppression), Coccidiosis (flock/loft treatment). Routes documented in domestic pigeons: PO, PO (drinking water). A typical adult domestic pigeon weighs 0.30–0.50 kg. ExoticRx lists 2 cited dose rules for Toltrazuril in domestic pigeons, drawn from published veterinary references. Verify against current literature before clinical use.
US trade names: Baycox
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Duration | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PO | 20–35 mg/kg | once | — | Coccidiosis (oocyst shedding suppression) | Moderate | 964. Vercruysse J. Efficacy of toltrazuril and clazuril against experimental infections with Eimeria labbeana and E. columbarum in racing pigeons. Avian Dis. 1990;34:73-79. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.445 doi:10.2307/1591336 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Birds). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929 |
| PO (drinking water) | 75 mg/L drinking water | in drinking water x5 days | × 5 days, as printed — a bounded course, not continuous. | Coccidiosis (flock/loft treatment) | Moderate | 381. Harper FD.W. Poor performance and weight loss. In: Beynon PH, Forbes NA, Harcourt-Brown NH, eds. BSAVA Manual of Raptors, Pigeons and Waterfowl; Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA; 1996:272-278. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.445 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Birds). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part A — Canine and Feline — ISBN 9781910443705, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781910443705; Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929 |
Every held source for this drug and species, as printed. Where they differ, both are shown — the choice is yours, not ours.
| Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 | PO | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 50 mg/kg PO once |
| 12.5 | PO | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 12.5 mg/kg PO q24h ×2 days in hand-feeding, then 45 mg/L drinking water ×2 days, repeat prn |
| 20–35 | PO | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 20-35 mg/kg PO once,964 |
| 25 | — | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 25 mg/kg q24h × 2 days |
| 20 | IN |
Need the exact dose for your patient?
These ranges are per kg. Enter your domestic pigeon's weight to get the precise dose and draw-up volume — unit and concentration math done for you.
Disrupts mitochondrial function and nuclear division in all intracellular stages of coccidia. Coccidiocidal rather than coccidiostatic.
Generally well-tolerated. Primarily used for coccidiosis. Single-dose or short-course treatment. Bitter taste. Extra-label use in small animals.
Species-specific contraindications and adverse-reaction reports for domestic pigeons may differ from canine / feline reference data — consult the primary citations listed with each rule.
Toltrazuril dose ranges in domestic pigeons, with cited source references: PO 20–35 mg/kg once; PO (drinking water) 75 mg/L drinking water in drinking water x5 days. Reference ranges from cited sources — verify against current literature before clinical use.
Documented routes for Toltrazuril in domestic pigeons: PO, PO (drinking water).
Cited course lengths for Toltrazuril in domestic pigeons include: × 5 days, as printed — a bounded course, not continuous.. Duration depends on the indication — match it to the specific dose rule in the table above.
Toltrazuril is indicated in domestic pigeons for: Coccidiosis (oocyst shedding suppression), Coccidiosis (flock/loft treatment).
These are general warnings for Toltrazuril across species; consult the domestic pigeon dosing table above for species-specific guidance. Generally well-tolerated. Primarily used for coccidiosis. Single-dose or short-course treatment. Bitter taste. Extra-label use in small animals.
Why a species-specific page? Toltrazuril pharmacokinetics differ across species: dose ranges, intervals, and route preferences are not interchangeable. Cross-extrapolation from canine doses is unsafe in domestic pigeons — the rules above are the citations specific to this species, not generic recommendations.
Sourced from published veterinary references; awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer. See our editorial process. Reference only — not veterinary advice.
| Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 |
| 20 mg/kg in drinking water × 2 days |
| Dose (mg/l) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 45 | PO | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 12.5 mg/kg PO q24h ×2 days in hand-feeding, then 45 mg/L drinking water ×2 days, repeat prn |
| 5 | IN | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 5 mg/L drinking water × 2 days; repeat in 14-21 days |
| 75 | — | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 75 mg/L drinking water × 5 days |
| 125 | — | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 125 mg/L drinking water × 5 days |
Figures are transcribed from the cited page or table of each held edition and are shown for reference only. They are not dose recommendations, they do not feed the calculator, and none has been reviewed by a veterinarian.