Bird · Columba livia domestica · typical adult weight 0.30–0.50 kg
Levamisole is dosed at 20 mg/kg PO once in domestic pigeons, per 43. Bailey TA, Apo MM. Pharmaceutics commonly used in avian medicine. In: Samour J, eds. Avian Medicine, 3rd ed., Mosby Elsevier, Edinburgh, Scotland; 2016:637-678. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.436 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Birds). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929; Avian Medicine (Samour) — ISBN 9780723438328, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780723438328. Levamisole is used in domestic pigeons for Nematodes (anthelmintic). Routes documented in domestic pigeons: PO. A typical adult domestic pigeon weighs 0.30–0.50 kg. ExoticRx lists 1 cited dose rule for Levamisole in domestic pigeons, drawn from published veterinary references. Verify against current literature before clinical use.
US trade names: Levasole, Tramisol
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PO | 20 mg/kg | once | Nematodes (anthelmintic) | Weak | 43. Bailey TA, Apo MM. Pharmaceutics commonly used in avian medicine. In: Samour J, eds. Avian Medicine, 3rd ed., Mosby Elsevier, Edinburgh, Scotland; 2016:637-678. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.436 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Birds). The copy held is an ebook conversion with no printed page numbers, so the table — not the page — is the citable location. — SOURCE EDITION: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary — ISBN 9780323833929, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323833929; Avian Medicine (Samour) — ISBN 9780723438328, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780723438328 |
Every held source for this drug and species, as printed. Where they differ, both are shown — the choice is yours, not ours.
| Dose (mg/animal) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15–20 | PO | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 15-20 mg/bird PO once, repeat in 10 days |
| Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 | IM | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 7.5 mg/kg IM once; can repeat in 7 days |
| 10–20 | SC | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 10-20 mg/kg SC once,391,510 |
| 20 |
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These ranges are per kg. Enter your domestic pigeon's weight to get the precise dose and draw-up volume — unit and concentration math done for you.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist causing sustained muscle contraction and paralysis in nematodes. Also has immunostimulant properties.
Narrow safety margin — toxicity causes cholinergic signs (salivation, tremors, dyspnea). TOXIC to dogs at high doses. Immunomodulatory use at low doses.
Species-specific contraindications and adverse-reaction reports for domestic pigeons may differ from canine / feline reference data — consult the primary citations listed with each rule.
Levamisole dose range in domestic pigeons, with cited source references: PO 20 mg/kg once. Reference ranges from cited sources — verify against current literature before clinical use.
Documented routes for Levamisole in domestic pigeons: PO.
Levamisole is indicated in domestic pigeons for: Nematodes (anthelmintic).
These are general warnings for Levamisole across species; consult the domestic pigeon dosing table above for species-specific guidance. Narrow safety margin — toxicity causes cholinergic signs (salivation, tremors, dyspnea). TOXIC to dogs at high doses. Immunomodulatory use at low doses.
Why a species-specific page? Levamisole pharmacokinetics differ across species: dose ranges, intervals, and route preferences are not interchangeable. Cross-extrapolation from canine doses is unsafe in domestic pigeons — the rules above are the citations specific to this species, not generic recommendations.
Sourced from published veterinary references; awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer. See our editorial process. Reference only — not veterinary advice.
| PO |
| Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 |
| 20 mg/kg PO once |
| 25 | PO | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 25 mg/kg PO once |
| 2 | SC | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.3 | 2 mg/kg SC, IM q14d x 3 treatments,768 |
| 40 | PO | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 40 mg/kg PO once,510,564 |
| Dose (mg/l) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 264–396 | — | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 264-396 mg/L drinking water × 1-3 days |
| 300–400 | IN | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 300-400 mg/L drinking water for 24 hr, repeat in 7 days 375 mg/L drinking water as Pige sole water source for 24 hr, repeat in 7 days |
| 375 | IN | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.4 | 300-400 mg/L drinking water for 24 hr, repeat in 7 days 375 mg/L drinking water as Pige sole water source for 24 hr, repeat in 7 days |
| 11 | — | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 5.3 | 11 mg/L drinking water ×3-5 wk |
Figures are transcribed from the cited page or table of each held edition and are shown for reference only. They are not dose recommendations, they do not feed the calculator, and none has been reviewed by a veterinarian.