Pain Management in Bettas
Fish · Betta splendens · typical adult weight 0.00 kg
2 cited drugs treat Pain Management in bettas: Buprenorphine, Morphine.
Multimodal analgesia spanning NSAIDs, opioids, local anaesthetics, NMDA antagonists (ketamine), α2 agonists, and adjuncts. Species safety matters: NSAIDs are unsafe in some reptiles, opioid receptor distributions differ in birds, and rabbits tolerate buprenorphine particularly well.
The overview above describes Pain Management across species; the citations below are the ExoticRx dose rules scoped to bettas — a reference list, not new species-specific clinical guidance.
Buprenorphine(Simbadol, Buprenex)
Analgesic| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| i.m. | 0.01–0.1 mg/kg | not stated in the cited source | Analgesia | Moderate | Ramsey I, ed. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed. Part B: Exotic Pets. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2023. p.58. — LOCATOR CONVENTION 2026-08-07: the bare 'p.58' in this citation is the PDF index of the held scan, not the printed page. The PRINTED page is p.44; verified by finding the drug named there. If you are holding the book, turn to p.44. — SOURCE EDITION: BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part B — Exotic Pets — ISBN 9781910443712, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781910443712 |
Morphine
Analgesic| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| i.m. | 5 mg/kg | not stated in the cited source | Analgesia | Moderate | Ramsey I, ed. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed. Part B: Exotic Pets. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2023. p.224. — LOCATOR CONVENTION 2026-08-07: the bare 'p.224' in this citation is the PDF index of the held scan, not the printed page. The PRINTED page is p.210; verified by finding the drug named there. If you are holding the book, turn to p.210. — SOURCE EDITION: BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part B — Exotic Pets — ISBN 9781910443712, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781910443712 |
Sourced from published veterinary references; awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer. See our editorial process. Reference only — not veterinary advice. Verify against current literature before clinical use.