Fish · Betta splendens · typical adult weight 0.00 kg
Morphine is dosed at 5 mg/kg i.m. not stated in the cited source in bettas, per Ramsey I, ed. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed. Part B: Exotic Pets. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2023. p.224. — LOCATOR CONVENTION 2026-08-07: the bare 'p.224' in this citation is the PDF index of the held scan, not the printed page. The PRINTED page is p.210; verified by finding the drug named there. If you are holding the book, turn to p.210. — SOURCE EDITION: BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part B — Exotic Pets — ISBN 9781910443712, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781910443712. Morphine is used in bettas for Analgesia. Routes documented in bettas: i.m.. A typical adult betta weighs 0.00 kg. ExoticRx lists 1 cited dose rule for Morphine in bettas, drawn from published veterinary references. Verify against current literature before clinical use.
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| i.m. | 5 mg/kg | not stated in the cited source | Analgesia | Moderate | Ramsey I, ed. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed. Part B: Exotic Pets. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2023. p.224. — LOCATOR CONVENTION 2026-08-07: the bare 'p.224' in this citation is the PDF index of the held scan, not the printed page. The PRINTED page is p.210; verified by finding the drug named there. If you are holding the book, turn to p.210. — SOURCE EDITION: BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part B — Exotic Pets — ISBN 9781910443712, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781910443712 |
Every held source for this drug and species, as printed. Where they differ, both are shown — the choice is yours, not ours.
| Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40 | IP | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 2.3 | 40 mg/kg IP or 17 mg/kg IV |
| 17 | IV | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 2.3 | 40 mg/kg IP or 17 mg/kg IV |
| Dose (mg/l) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.17–0.3 | IMMERSION | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 2.3 | 0.17-0.3 mg/L bath 0.6 mL/L bath |
Figures are transcribed from the cited page or table of each held edition and are shown for reference only. They are not dose recommendations, they do not feed the calculator, and none has been reviewed by a veterinarian.
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Prototype full mu-opioid receptor agonist. Activates mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors producing analgesia, sedation, and euphoria.
Histamine release with rapid IV injection (hypotension, bronchoconstriction — give slowly). Vomiting and defecation common initial effects. Respiratory depression. Cats: may cause excitation/dysphoria at higher doses. Controlled substance (Schedule II).
Species-specific contraindications and adverse-reaction reports for bettas may differ from canine / feline reference data — consult the primary citations listed with each rule.
Morphine dose range in bettas, with cited source references: i.m. 5 mg/kg not stated in the cited source. Reference ranges from cited sources — verify against current literature before clinical use.
Documented routes for Morphine in bettas: i.m..
Morphine is indicated in bettas for: Analgesia.
These are general warnings for Morphine across species; consult the betta dosing table above for species-specific guidance. Histamine release with rapid IV injection (hypotension, bronchoconstriction — give slowly). Vomiting and defecation common initial effects. Respiratory depression. Cats: may cause excitation/dysphoria at higher doses. Controlled substance (Schedule II).
Why a species-specific page? Morphine pharmacokinetics differ across species: dose ranges, intervals, and route preferences are not interchangeable. Cross-extrapolation from canine doses is unsafe in bettas — the rules above are the citations specific to this species, not generic recommendations.
Sourced from published veterinary references; awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer. See our editorial process. Reference only — not veterinary advice.