Fish · Carassius auratus · typical adult weight 0.01–3.00 kg
Morphine is dosed at 5 mg/kg i.m. not stated in the cited source in goldfish, per Ramsey I, ed. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed. Part B: Exotic Pets. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2023. p.224. — CORROBORATED 2026-08-06 by independent literature: Use of a shuttle box model to assess the behavioral and analgesic effects of opioid injections in goldfish (Carassius auratus). (American journal of veterinary research, 2024). doi:10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0172. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0172. The paper reports this drug at this dose in this species: ". First, opioid effects were tested in a shuttle box without painful stimulus. Fish were injected 5 […]". This is a second source alongside the book already cited; it corroborates the figure and does not by itself establish that the dose is correct. ROUTE DIFFERS: this rule is I.M. but the sentence quoted describes IM. The dose figure is corroborated; the route is not. — LOCATOR CONVENTION 2026-08-07: the bare 'p.224' in this citation is the PDF index of the held scan, not the printed page. The PRINTED page is p.210; verified by finding the drug named there. If you are holding the book, turn to p.210. — SOURCE EDITION: BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part B — Exotic Pets — ISBN 9781910443712, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781910443712. Morphine is used in goldfish for Analgesia. Routes documented in goldfish: i.m., intracoelomic. A typical adult goldfish weighs 0.01–3.00 kg. ExoticRx lists 2 cited dose rules for Morphine in goldfish, drawn from published veterinary references. Verify against current literature before clinical use.
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| i.m. | 5 mg/kg | not stated in the cited source | Analgesia | Moderate | Ramsey I, ed. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed. Part B: Exotic Pets. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2023. p.224. — CORROBORATED 2026-08-06 by independent literature: Use of a shuttle box model to assess the behavioral and analgesic effects of opioid injections in goldfish (Carassius auratus). (American journal of veterinary research, 2024). doi:10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0172. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.06.0172. The paper reports this drug at this dose in this species: ". First, opioid effects were tested in a shuttle box without painful stimulus. Fish were injected 5 […]". This is a second source alongside the book already cited; it corroborates the figure and does not by itself establish that the dose is correct. ROUTE DIFFERS: this rule is I.M. but the sentence quoted describes IM. The dose figure is corroborated; the route is not. — LOCATOR CONVENTION 2026-08-07: the bare 'p.224' in this citation is the PDF index of the held scan, not the printed page. The PRINTED page is p.210; verified by finding the drug named there. If you are holding the book, turn to p.210. — SOURCE EDITION: BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part B — Exotic Pets — ISBN 9781910443712, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781910443712 |
| intracoelomic | 40 mg/kg | not stated in the cited source | Analgesia | Moderate | Ramsey I, ed. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed. Part B: Exotic Pets. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2023. p.224. — LOCATOR CONVENTION 2026-08-07: the bare 'p.224' in this citation is the PDF index of the held scan, not the printed page. The PRINTED page is p.210; verified by finding the drug named there. If you are holding the book, turn to p.210. — SOURCE EDITION: BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part B — Exotic Pets — ISBN 9781910443712, |
Every held source for this drug and species, as printed. Where they differ, both are shown — the choice is yours, not ours.
| Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40 | ICE | BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed — Part B (Exotic Pets)p.224 | 40 mg/kg intracoelomic f |
| 40 | IP | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 2.3 | 40 mg/kg IP or 17 mg/kg IV |
| 17 | IV | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 2.3 | 40 mg/kg IP or 17 mg/kg IV |
| Dose (mg/l) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.17–0.3 |
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These ranges are per kg. Enter your goldfish's weight to get the precise dose and draw-up volume — unit and concentration math done for you.
Prototype full mu-opioid receptor agonist. Activates mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors producing analgesia, sedation, and euphoria.
Histamine release with rapid IV injection (hypotension, bronchoconstriction — give slowly). Vomiting and defecation common initial effects. Respiratory depression. Cats: may cause excitation/dysphoria at higher doses. Controlled substance (Schedule II).
Species-specific contraindications and adverse-reaction reports for goldfish may differ from canine / feline reference data — consult the primary citations listed with each rule.
Morphine dose ranges in goldfish, with cited source references: i.m. 5 mg/kg not stated in the cited source; intracoelomic 40 mg/kg not stated in the cited source. Reference ranges from cited sources — verify against current literature before clinical use.
Documented routes for Morphine in goldfish: i.m., intracoelomic.
Morphine is indicated in goldfish for: Analgesia.
These are general warnings for Morphine across species; consult the goldfish dosing table above for species-specific guidance. Histamine release with rapid IV injection (hypotension, bronchoconstriction — give slowly). Vomiting and defecation common initial effects. Respiratory depression. Cats: may cause excitation/dysphoria at higher doses. Controlled substance (Schedule II).
Why a species-specific page? Morphine pharmacokinetics differ across species: dose ranges, intervals, and route preferences are not interchangeable. Cross-extrapolation from canine doses is unsafe in goldfish — the rules above are the citations specific to this species, not generic recommendations.
Sourced from published veterinary references; awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer. See our editorial process. Reference only — not veterinary advice.
| IMMERSION |
| Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 2.3 |
| 0.17-0.3 mg/L bath 0.6 mL/L bath |
Figures are transcribed from the cited page or table of each held edition and are shown for reference only. They are not dose recommendations, they do not feed the calculator, and none has been reviewed by a veterinarian.