Bird · Amazona spp. · typical adult weight 0.35–0.55 kg
Nalbuphine is dosed at 12.5 mg/kg IM q2-3h in amazon parrots, per 470. Keller D, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Kukanich B, et al. Pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine hydrochloride after intravenous and intramuscular administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Am J Vet Res. 2011;72:741-745. | 823. Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Kukanich B, Keuler NS, et al. Antinociceptive effects of nalbuphine hydrochloride in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Am J Vet Res. 2011;72:736-740. — Mined from Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.454 (2026-08-01, PENDING REVIEW) doi:10.2460/ajvr.72.6.741. Nalbuphine is used in amazon parrots for Analgesia. Routes documented in amazon parrots: IM. A typical adult amazon parrot weighs 0.35–0.55 kg. ExoticRx lists 1 cited dose rule for Nalbuphine in amazon parrots, drawn from published veterinary references. Verify against current literature before clinical use.
US trade names: Nubain
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IM | 12.5 mg/kg | q2-3h | Analgesia | Moderate | 470. Keller D, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Kukanich B, et al. Pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine hydrochloride after intravenous and intramuscular administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Am J Vet Res. 2011;72:741-745. | 823. Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Kukanich B, Keuler NS, et al. Antinociceptive effects of nalbuphine hydrochloride in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Am J Vet Res. 2011;72:736-740. — Mined from Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.454 (2026-08-01, PENDING REVIEW) doi:10.2460/ajvr.72.6.741 |
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These ranges are per kg. Enter your amazon parrot's weight to get the precise dose and draw-up volume — unit and concentration math done for you.
Kappa opioid receptor agonist and mu opioid receptor antagonist. Provides moderate analgesia with ceiling effect on respiratory depression. Does not increase biliary pressure.
Not a controlled substance despite opioid activity. Ceiling analgesic effect. Will reverse mu-agonist analgesia if given concurrently. Used for moderate pain and to partially reverse mu-agonist side effects.
Species-specific contraindications and adverse-reaction reports for amazon parrots may differ from canine / feline reference data — consult the primary citations listed with each rule.
Nalbuphine dose range in amazon parrots, with cited source references: IM 12.5 mg/kg q2-3h. Reference ranges from cited sources — verify against current literature before clinical use.
Documented routes for Nalbuphine in amazon parrots: IM.
Nalbuphine is indicated in amazon parrots for: Analgesia.
These are general warnings for Nalbuphine across species; consult the amazon parrot dosing table above for species-specific guidance. Not a controlled substance despite opioid activity. Ceiling analgesic effect. Will reverse mu-agonist analgesia if given concurrently. Used for moderate pain and to partially reverse mu-agonist side effects.
Why a species-specific page? Nalbuphine pharmacokinetics differ across species: dose ranges, intervals, and route preferences are not interchangeable. Cross-extrapolation from canine doses is unsafe in amazon parrots — the rules above are the citations specific to this species, not generic recommendations.
Sourced from published veterinary references; awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer. See our editorial process. Reference only — not veterinary advice.