Amphibian · Salamandra salamandra · typical adult weight 0.02–0.04 kg
Pentobarbital is dosed at 60 mg/kg i.v. not stated in the cited source in fire salamanders, per Ramsey I, ed. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed. Part B: Exotic Pets. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2023. p.244. — LOCATOR CONVENTION 2026-08-07: the bare 'p.244' in this citation is the PDF index of the held scan, not the printed page. The PRINTED page is p.230; verified by finding the drug named there. If you are holding the book, turn to p.230. — SOURCE EDITION: BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part B — Exotic Pets — ISBN 9781910443712, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781910443712. Pentobarbital is used in fire salamanders for Euthanasia. Routes documented in fire salamanders: i.v.. A typical adult fire salamander weighs 0.02–0.04 kg. ExoticRx lists 1 cited dose rule for Pentobarbital in fire salamanders, drawn from published veterinary references. Verify against current literature before clinical use.
US trade names: Nembutal
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| i.v. | 60 mg/kg | not stated in the cited source | Euthanasia | Moderate | Ramsey I, ed. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed. Part B: Exotic Pets. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2023. p.244. — LOCATOR CONVENTION 2026-08-07: the bare 'p.244' in this citation is the PDF index of the held scan, not the printed page. The PRINTED page is p.230; verified by finding the drug named there. If you are holding the book, turn to p.230. — SOURCE EDITION: BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part B — Exotic Pets — ISBN 9781910443712, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781910443712 |
Every held source for this drug and species, as printed. Where they differ, both are shown — the choice is yours, not ours.
| Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60 | IV | BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed — Part B (Exotic Pets)p.244 | 60 mg/kg i.v., intracoelomic or via lypmh sacs (e.g. frogs and toads). - Exotic Pets |
| 60–100 | IV | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 3.5 | 60-100 mg/kg IV, ICe,90 |
| 7.5–15 | ICE | Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd edTable 127.5 | 7.5-15 mg/kg ICe, or 8 mg/kg IM18,229 Crocodilians |
| 8 | ICE | Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd edTable 127.5 | 7.5-15 mg/kg ICe, or 8 mg/kg IM18,229 Crocodilians |
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These ranges are per kg. Enter your fire salamander's weight to get the precise dose and draw-up volume — unit and concentration math done for you.
Barbiturate enhancing GABA-A receptor activity and directly activating GABA receptor at high doses. Dose-dependent CNS depression from sedation to death.
DEA Schedule II. Primary component of euthanasia solutions. Controlled substance requiring DEA registration. Rapid IV causes apnea — give slowly for anesthetic use.
Species-specific contraindications and adverse-reaction reports for fire salamanders may differ from canine / feline reference data — consult the primary citations listed with each rule.
Pentobarbital dose range in fire salamanders, with cited source references: i.v. 60 mg/kg not stated in the cited source. Reference ranges from cited sources — verify against current literature before clinical use.
Documented routes for Pentobarbital in fire salamanders: i.v..
Pentobarbital is indicated in fire salamanders for: Euthanasia.
These are general warnings for Pentobarbital across species; consult the fire salamander dosing table above for species-specific guidance. DEA Schedule II. Primary component of euthanasia solutions. Controlled substance requiring DEA registration. Rapid IV causes apnea — give slowly for anesthetic use.
Why a species-specific page? Pentobarbital pharmacokinetics differ across species: dose ranges, intervals, and route preferences are not interchangeable. Cross-extrapolation from canine doses is unsafe in fire salamanders — the rules above are the citations specific to this species, not generic recommendations.
Sourced from published veterinary references; awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer. See our editorial process. Reference only — not veterinary advice.
| 60–100 | IV | Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd edTable 127.9 | 60-100 mg/kg IV, ICe7,39 Euthanasia |
| 60 | IV | Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd edTable 128.4 | 60 mg/kg IV, ICe52 Euthanasia; can also be administered in lymph sacs in anurans |
Figures are transcribed from the cited page or table of each held edition and are shown for reference only. They are not dose recommendations, they do not feed the calculator, and none has been reviewed by a veterinarian.