Fire Salamander

Clinical context for fire salamander dosing

Amphibian skin is a respiratory and osmoregulatory organ, not a barrier — drugs cross it readily, which is why so much amphibian dosing is immersion in a bath at a concentration per litre of water for a stated contact time rather than a milligram-per-kilogram injection. Read the unit on every rule: an immersion concentration given as a body-weight dose is a large overdose. Being ectotherms, clearance tracks the animal's preferred temperature the way it does in reptiles, and water quality is part of the prescription because the bath is both the vehicle and the environment. Much of the published literature is in Xenopus and axolotl, so doses in other species are frequently extrapolated — each rule's evidence tag says which.