Reptile · Terrapene carolina · typical adult weight 0.30–0.60 kg
Bupivacaine is dosed at 1 mg/kg intrathecal single dose in eastern box turtles, per 206. Mans C. Clinical technique: intrathecal drug administration in turtles and tortoises. J Exot Pet Med. 2014;23:67-70. — Source: Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd Ed, p.1408 doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2013.11.011 — SOURCE EDITION: Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery (Divers & Stahl) — ISBN 9780323482530, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323482530. Bupivacaine is used in eastern box turtles for spinal/regional anaesthesia and analgesia. Routes documented in eastern box turtles: intrathecal. A typical adult eastern box turtle weighs 0.30–0.60 kg. ExoticRx lists 1 cited dose rule for Bupivacaine in eastern box turtles, drawn from published veterinary references. Verify against current literature before clinical use.
US trade names: Marcaine, Nocita
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| intrathecal | 1 mg/kg | single dose | spinal/regional anaesthesia and analgesia | Moderate | 206. Mans C. Clinical technique: intrathecal drug administration in turtles and tortoises. J Exot Pet Med. 2014;23:67-70. — Source: Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd Ed, p.1408 doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2013.11.011 — SOURCE EDITION: Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery (Divers & Stahl) — ISBN 9780323482530, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9780323482530 |
Every held source for this drug and species, as printed. Where they differ, both are shown — the choice is yours, not ours.
| Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1–2 | — | BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed — Part B (Exotic Pets)p.57 | 1-2 mg/kg local infusion or used in combination with lidocaine for intrathecal anaesthesia in chelo |
| 1–2 | — | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 4.6 | 1-2 mg/kg local q4-12h prn |
| 1–2 | — | Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd edTable 127.6 | 1-2 mg/kg local q4-12h prn298 Most species/local anesthesia; 4 mg/kg maximum dose |
Figures are transcribed from the cited page or table of each held edition and are shown for reference only. They are not dose recommendations, they do not feed the calculator, and none has been reviewed by a veterinarian.
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These ranges are per kg. Enter your eastern box turtle's weight to get the precise dose and draw-up volume — unit and concentration math done for you.
Long-acting amide local anesthetic blocking voltage-gated sodium channels. Duration 4-8 hours (standard) or 72 hours (Nocita liposomal).
Nocita (liposomal bupivacaine) FDA-approved for post-op pain in dogs/cats. Cardiotoxic if inadvertently given IV. Do not use with epinephrine on digits/tail.
Species-specific contraindications and adverse-reaction reports for eastern box turtles may differ from canine / feline reference data — consult the primary citations listed with each rule.
Bupivacaine dose range in eastern box turtles, with cited source references: intrathecal 1 mg/kg single dose. Reference ranges from cited sources — verify against current literature before clinical use.
Documented routes for Bupivacaine in eastern box turtles: intrathecal.
Bupivacaine is indicated in eastern box turtles for: spinal/regional anaesthesia and analgesia.
These are general warnings for Bupivacaine across species; consult the eastern box turtle dosing table above for species-specific guidance. Nocita (liposomal bupivacaine) FDA-approved for post-op pain in dogs/cats. Cardiotoxic if inadvertently given IV. Do not use with epinephrine on digits/tail.
Why a species-specific page? Bupivacaine pharmacokinetics differ across species: dose ranges, intervals, and route preferences are not interchangeable. Cross-extrapolation from canine doses is unsafe in eastern box turtles — the rules above are the citations specific to this species, not generic recommendations.
Sourced from published veterinary references; awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer. See our editorial process. Reference only — not veterinary advice.