Bird · Ara ararauna · typical adult weight 0.90–1.30 kg
Cyclosporine is dosed at 10 mg/kg PO PO q12h, then q24h after 1-2 mo in blue-and-gold macaws, per Kleinschmidt LM, Hoppes SM, Musser JMB, Tizard I, Heatley JJ. Use of Cyclosporine and Itraconazole as Palliative Treatment for Proventricular Dilatation Disease in Psittacine Birds. Vet Sci. 2025;12(5):459. doi:10.3390/vetsci12050459 https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12115444. Cyclosporine is used in blue-and-gold macaws for Proventricular dilatation disease / parrot bornavirus (palliative immunosuppression). Routes documented in blue-and-gold macaws: PO. A typical adult blue-and-gold macaw weighs 0.90–1.30 kg. ExoticRx lists 1 cited dose rule for Cyclosporine in blue-and-gold macaws, drawn from published veterinary references. Verify against current literature before clinical use.
US trade names: Atopica, Optimmune
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PO | 10 mg/kg | PO q12h, then q24h after 1-2 mo | Proventricular dilatation disease / parrot bornavirus (palliative immunosuppression) | Anecdotal | Kleinschmidt LM, Hoppes SM, Musser JMB, Tizard I, Heatley JJ. Use of Cyclosporine and Itraconazole as Palliative Treatment for Proventricular Dilatation Disease in Psittacine Birds. Vet Sci. 2025;12(5):459. doi:10.3390/vetsci12050459 https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12115444 |
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These ranges are per kg. Enter your blue-and-gold macaw's weight to get the precise dose and draw-up volume — unit and concentration math done for you.
Binds cyclophilin, inhibiting calcineurin phosphatase. Blocks IL-2 transcription in T-helper lymphocytes, suppressing cell-mediated immunity.
GI upset common initially (improves with time). Give on empty stomach or freeze capsules. Gingival hyperplasia. Immunosuppression — monitor for infections. Do not use modified and non-modified forms interchangeably.
Species-specific contraindications and adverse-reaction reports for blue-and-gold macaws may differ from canine / feline reference data — consult the primary citations listed with each rule.
Cyclosporine dose range in blue-and-gold macaws, with cited source references: PO 10 mg/kg PO q12h, then q24h after 1-2 mo. Reference ranges from cited sources — verify against current literature before clinical use.
Documented routes for Cyclosporine in blue-and-gold macaws: PO.
Cyclosporine is indicated in blue-and-gold macaws for: Proventricular dilatation disease / parrot bornavirus (palliative immunosuppression).
These are general warnings for Cyclosporine across species; consult the blue-and-gold macaw dosing table above for species-specific guidance. GI upset common initially (improves with time). Give on empty stomach or freeze capsules. Gingival hyperplasia. Immunosuppression — monitor for infections. Do not use modified and non-modified forms interchangeably.
Why a species-specific page? Cyclosporine pharmacokinetics differ across species: dose ranges, intervals, and route preferences are not interchangeable. Cross-extrapolation from canine doses is unsafe in blue-and-gold macaws — the rules above are the citations specific to this species, not generic recommendations.
Sourced from published veterinary references; awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer. See our editorial process. Reference only — not veterinary advice.