Amphibian · Anaxyrus houstonensis · typical adult weight 0.03–0.09 kg
Itraconazole is dosed at 25 mg/l in amphibian Ringer's (printed as 0.0025% bath) immersion (bath) immersion/bath — see duration in houston toads, per Ramsey I, ed. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed. Part B: Exotic Pets. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2023. p.183. — LOCATOR CONVENTION 2026-08-07: the bare 'p.183' in this citation is the PDF index of the held scan, not the printed page. The PRINTED page is p.169; verified by finding the drug named there. If you are holding the book, turn to p.169. — SOURCE EDITION: BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part B — Exotic Pets — ISBN 9781910443712, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781910443712 — PRINTED DETAIL MISSING FROM THIS RULE (retrieved 2026-08-19): *"Amphibians: 0.0025% bath (2.50 ml aqueous itraconazole (1% Sporanox oral solution) to 1 l amphibian […]"* — BSAVA Small Animal Formulary 10e Part B: Exotic Pets, p.169. Concentration verified by Carpenter's own printed conversion (Table 3.2: *"0.001% = 10 mg/L, 0.01% = 100 mg/L"*) → 0.0025% = 25 mg/L.. Itraconazole is used in houston toads for Chytridiomycosis. Routes documented in houston toads: immersion (bath). A typical adult houston toad weighs 0.03–0.09 kg. ExoticRx lists 1 cited dose rule for Itraconazole in houston toads, drawn from published veterinary references. Verify against current literature before clinical use.
US trade names: Sporanox, Itrafungol
| Route | Dose | Frequency | Duration | Indication | Evidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| immersion (bath) | 25 mg/l in amphibian Ringer's (printed as 0.0025% bath) | immersion/bath — see duration | 5 minute bath, once daily, for 6 days (printed explicitly as the lowest effective treatment concentration for chytridiomycosis). | Chytridiomycosis | Moderate | Ramsey I, ed. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed. Part B: Exotic Pets. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2023. p.183. — LOCATOR CONVENTION 2026-08-07: the bare 'p.183' in this citation is the PDF index of the held scan, not the printed page. The PRINTED page is p.169; verified by finding the drug named there. If you are holding the book, turn to p.169. — SOURCE EDITION: BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, Part B — Exotic Pets — ISBN 9781910443712, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781910443712 — PRINTED DETAIL MISSING FROM THIS RULE (retrieved 2026-08-19): *"Amphibians: 0.0025% bath (2.50 ml aqueous itraconazole (1% Sporanox oral solution) to 1 l amphibian […]"* — BSAVA Small Animal Formulary 10e Part B: Exotic Pets, p.169. Concentration verified by Carpenter's own printed conversion (Table 3.2: *"0.001% = 10 mg/L, 0.01% = 100 mg/L"*) → 0.0025% = 25 mg/L. |
Every held source for this drug and species, as printed. Where they differ, both are shown — the choice is yours, not ours.
The sources disagree for this combination. The ranges below do not overlap on a comparable route. This is not an error in one of them — published veterinary references differ, and reconciling them for a particular patient is a clinical judgement.
| Dose (%) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.01 | IMMERSION | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 3.2 | 0.001% and 0.01% itraconazole bath |
| 0.001 | IMMERSION | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 3.2 | 0.001% and 0.01% itraconazole bath |
| 0.0025 | IMMERSION | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 3.2 | 0.0025% bath x 5 min/day x 6 days |
| 0.005–0.01 | IMMERSION |
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Inhibits fungal 14-alpha-demethylase, blocking ergosterol synthesis. Lipophilic with high tissue concentrations.
Hepatotoxic: monitor liver enzymes. Requires acid pH for capsule absorption (give with food). Negative inotropic effect — avoid in animals with heart failure. CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Species-specific contraindications and adverse-reaction reports for houston toads may differ from canine / feline reference data — consult the primary citations listed with each rule.
Itraconazole dose range in houston toads, with cited source references: immersion (bath) 25 mg/l in amphibian Ringer's (printed as 0.0025% bath) immersion/bath — see duration. Reference ranges from cited sources — verify against current literature before clinical use.
Documented routes for Itraconazole in houston toads: immersion (bath).
Cited course lengths for Itraconazole in houston toads include: 5 minute bath, once daily, for 6 days (printed explicitly as the lowest effective treatment concentration for chytridiomycosis).. Duration depends on the indication — match it to the specific dose rule in the table above.
Itraconazole is indicated in houston toads for: Chytridiomycosis.
These are general warnings for Itraconazole across species; consult the houston toad dosing table above for species-specific guidance. Hepatotoxic: monitor liver enzymes. Requires acid pH for capsule absorption (give with food). Negative inotropic effect — avoid in animals with heart failure. CYP3A4 inhibitor.
Why a species-specific page? Itraconazole pharmacokinetics differ across species: dose ranges, intervals, and route preferences are not interchangeable. Cross-extrapolation from canine doses is unsafe in houston toads — the rules above are the citations specific to this species, not generic recommendations.
Sourced from published veterinary references; awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer. See our editorial process. Reference only — not veterinary advice.
| Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 3.2 |
| 0.005-0.01% bath x 5 min/day x 10 days |
| 0.01 | IN | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 3.2 | 0.01% (in buffered solution) bath × 5 min/day × 11-14 days 0.5-1.5 mg/L bath x 5 Maj min/day × 7 t days d 50 mg/L bath x 5 Multi min/day × 10 chy days (Sporanox con Oral Solution, Janssen Pharmaceutic |
| 0.6 | TOPICAL | Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd edTable 128.1 | mg/kg PO q24h52 01% in 0.6% salt solution x 5 min bath q24h × 1 01% in buffered solution x 5 min bath q24h × 11 days16 Topical route best choice to treat chytridiomycosis; caution |
| 1 | TOPICAL | Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd edTable 128.1 | mg/kg PO q24h52 01% in 0.6% salt solution x 5 min bath q24h × 1 01% in buffered solution x 5 min bath q24h × 11 days16 Topical route best choice to treat chytridiomycosis; caution |
| 25 | INHALED | Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd edTable 128.1 | 0025% × 5 min bath q24h × 6 days7 Australian green tree frog (Litoria caerulea), coastal plains toad (Incillus nebulifer)/cleared PCR positive juveniles with no clinically apparent |
| Dose (mg/kg) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | PO | Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd edTable 127.3 | 5 mg/kg PO q24h214 Most species/some hepatotoxicity noted when used for Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii; can cause anorexia in bearded dragons without evidence of h |
| 5 | — | Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd edTable 127.3 | 5 mg/kg SC184 Cottonmouths/deaths in 3 out of 4 animals; not recommended |
| Dose (mg/l) | Route | Source | As printed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5–1.5 | IMMERSION | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 3.2 | 0.01% (in buffered solution) bath × 5 min/day × 11-14 days 0.5-1.5 mg/L bath x 5 Maj min/day × 7 t days d 50 mg/L bath x 5 Multi min/day × 10 chy days (Sporanox con Oral Solution, Janssen Pharmaceutic |
| 50 | IMMERSION | Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th edTable 3.2 | 0.01% (in buffered solution) bath × 5 min/day × 11-14 days 0.5-1.5 mg/L bath x 5 Maj min/day × 7 t days d 50 mg/L bath x 5 Multi min/day × 10 chy days (Sporanox con Oral Solution, Janssen Pharmaceutic |
| 15 | — | Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd edTable 128.1 | 5-1.5 mg/L × 5 min bath q24h × 7 days15 mg/L x 5 min bath q24h × 10 days22 Alytes muletensis tadpoles/safe at varying concentrations and duration of 7-28 days; confirmed negative P |
Figures are transcribed from the cited page or table of each held edition and are shown for reference only. They are not dose recommendations, they do not feed the calculator, and none has been reviewed by a veterinarian.