Which species have cited Leuprolide dosing data?

Leuprolide dosing in the ExoticRx formulary covers 4 species: African Grey Parrot, Amazon Parrot, Blue-and-Gold Macaw, Cockatiel.

Is Leuprolide a controlled substance?

Leuprolide is not federally scheduled in the US. Controlled-drug status differs by country — verify your local rules.

Leuprolide

US brand names:Lupron, Lupron Depot

Calculate dosage

Sourced from published veterinary references. Awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer — our editorial process.

Leuprolide is dosed at 375 μg/bird IM not stated in cockatiels, per 42. Bailey TA, Apo MM. Pharmaceutics commonly used in avian medicine. In: Samour J, eds. Avian Medicine, 2nd ed., Mosby Elsevier, Edinburgh, Scotland; 2008:485-509.; 606. Millam JR, Finney HL. Leuprolide acetate can reversibly prevent egg laying in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). Zoo Biol. 1994;13:149-155. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.462 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.7 (Hormones and Steroids Used in Birds). Verify against current literature before clinical use.

Drug Class

Endocrine

Routes

Indications

Chronic egg-layingInhibition of ovulationOvarian adenocarcinoma

reproductive behaviors

reproductive disorders

Reproductive suppression: chronic egg laying

Reproductive/hormonal suppression

sexually related feather-damaging behavior (GnRH agonist)

Mechanism of Action

GnRH agonist that initially stimulates then suppresses gonadotropin release through pituitary desensitization, reducing sex hormone production.

Side effects & warnings

Initial hormone flare before suppression. Used for chronic egg-laying in birds and ferret adrenal disease. Cost may be prohibitive. Store depot formulations properly.

Evidence levels across 7 dose rules

Weak×4Extrapolated×2Moderate×1

Each ExoticRx dose rule is graded by the strength of its primary evidence — see the editorial process.

Backed by 5 published sourcesShow

· 42. Bailey TA, Apo MM. Pharmaceutics commonly used in avian medicine. In: Samour J, eds. Avian Medicine, 2nd ed., Mosby Elsevier, Edinburgh, Scotland; 2008:485-509.; 606. Millam JR, Finney HL. Leuprolide acetate can reversibly prevent egg laying in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). Zoo Biol. 1994;13:149-155. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.462 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.7 (Hormones and Steroids Used in Birds).
· 471. Keller KA, Beaufrère H, Brandão J, et al. Long-term management of ovarian neoplasia in two cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). J Avian Med Surg. 2013;27:44-52. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.483 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.13 (Oncologic Agents and Radiation Therapy Used in Birds).
· 484. Klaphake E, Fecteau K, DeWit M, et al. Effects of leuprolide acetate on selected blood and fecal sex hormones in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). J Avian Med Surg. 2009;23:253-262. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.462 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.7 (Hormones and Steroids Used in Birds).

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Hawkins MG, Barron H, Speer BL, et al. Birds. In: Carpenter JW, eds. Exotic Animal Formulary, 4th ed., Elsevier Saunders, St. Louis, MO; 2013:183-437.

· Martin KM. Psittacine behavioral pharmacotherapy. In: Leuscher AU, eds. Manual of Parrot Behavior; Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA; 2006:267-280. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.473 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.10 (Psychotropic and Antiepileptic Agents Used in Birds.a,b).