Sourced from published veterinary references. Awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer — our editorial process.
Furosemide is dosed at 2–4 mg/kg IV q4-6h in rabbits, per Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th ed (2023) — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.563, Furosemide monograph spanning p.563-567. — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 10.10 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Rabbits). Verify against current literature before clinical use.
Inhibits sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, producing potent diuresis.
Side effects & warnings
Monitor electrolytes (hypokalemia, hyponatremia). Ototoxicity at high IV doses. Dehydration risk. May worsen renal azotemia. Adjust dose based on clinical response.
Species with Furosemide dosing data (44 dose rules)
Each ExoticRx dose rule is graded by the strength of its primary evidence — see the editorial process.
Sample dosing (2 of 44 cited rules)
A dog/cat sample is shown here. Cited dosing for all 28 species — reptiles, birds, pocket pets, livestock, and equine — is free on the per-species pages above. Pro adds the weight-based calculator for every species.
Keene BW, Atkins CE, Bonagura JD, et al. ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2019;33:1127-1140. doi:10.1111/jvim.15488 — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.563, Furosemide monograph spanning p.563-567.
Chew D, Schenck P, Jaeger J. Assessment and treatment of clinical cases with elusive disorders of hypercalcemia. Presented at: ACVIM Forum; 2003. — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.563, Furosemide monograph spanning p.563-567.Compilation only — we have not located an independent source that prints this figure.
· 12. Delk KW, Eshar D, Garcia E, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of congestive heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy in a hedgehog. J Small Anim Pract. 2014;55:174-177. | 26. Hedley J, Benato L, Fraga G, et al. Congestive heart failure due to endocardiosis of the mitral valves in an African pygmy hedgehog. J Exot Pet Med. 2013;22:212-217. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.745 doi:10.1111/jsap.12169 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 8.7 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Hedgehogs).
· 221. Jepson L. Snakes. Exotic Animal Medicine: A Quick Reference Guide, Saunders/Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA; 2009:315-357. | 222. Jepson L. Turtles and tortoises. In: Exotic Animal Medicine: A Quick Reference Guide, Saunders/Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA; 2009:358-411. | 243. Klaphake E, Gibbons PM, Sladky KK, et al. Reptiles. In: Carpenter JW, eds. Exotic Animal Formulary, 5th ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2018:81-166. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.273 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 4.11 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Reptiles).
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221. Jepson L. Snakes. Exotic Animal Medicine: A Quick Reference Guide, Saunders/Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA; 2009:315-357. || 222. Jepson L. Turtles and tortoises. In: Exotic Animal Medicine: A Quick Reference Guide, Saunders/Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA; 2009:358-411. || 243. Klaphake E, Gibbons PM, Sladky KK, et al. Reptiles. In: Carpenter JW, eds. Exotic Animal Formulary, 5th ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2018:81-166. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.273 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 4.11 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Reptiles).
· 46. Ewringmann A, Gloeckner B. Leitsymptome bei Meerschweinchen, Chinchilla und Degu, Enke, Stuttgart, Germany; 2012. | 47. Ewringmann A, Gloeckner B. Leitsymptome bei Hamster, Ratte, Maus und Rennmaus, Enke, Stuttgart, Germany; 2014. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.794 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 9.5 (Cardiovascular Agents Used in Rodents).
· 46. Ewringmann A, Gloeckner B. Leitsymptome bei Meerschweinchen, Chinchilla und Degu, Enke, Stuttgart, Germany; 2012.; 47. Ewringmann A, Gloeckner B. Leitsymptome bei Hamster, Ratte, Maus und Rennmaus, Enke, Stuttgart, Germany; 2014. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.794 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 9.5 (Cardiovascular Agents Used in Rodents).
· 52. Morrisey JK, Carpenter JW, et al. Formulary. In: Quesenberry Q, Orcutt C, Mans C, et al. Ferrets, Rabbits and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery, 4th ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2021:620-630. | 71. Stocker L. Medication for Use in the Treatment of Hedgehogs, Marshcliff, Ayelsbury, UK; 1992. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.744 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 8.7 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Hedgehogs).
· 69. Beaufrère H, Schilliger L, Pariaut R. Cardiovascular system. In: Mitchell M, Tully T, eds. Current Therapy in Exotic Pet Practice; Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2016:151-220. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.491 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.18 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Birds). — CORROBORATED 2026-08-06 by Samour J (ed), Avian Medicine, 3rd ed, Elsevier 2016 (ISBN 978-0-7234-3832-8), Table 13-11: Furosemide, Parrots, raptors, 0.15-2 mg/kg (PO). A second text, independent of the source already cited; it corroborates the figure and does not by itself establish that the dose is correct.
· Avian Medicine: Principles and Application (Ritchie, Harrison & Harrison), p.327. Row as printed binds this dose to raptors on its own line: "Furosemide Parrots, raptors, mynah birds 0.1-2.2 mg/kg IM, PO q6-24h EU 7, 94, 110, 115, 116,".
· BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed, Part A — Canine and Feline, Furosemide, DOSES, Dogs/Cats, printed p.177: "Chronic, congestive heart failure: 1-5 mg/kg p.o. q6-12h. Typical maintenance doses for mild to […]" Corroborated in Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th ed, Furosemide, DOGS, "Adjunctive treatment of CHF (oral administration)", printed p.566.
· Beaufrere H, Schilliger L, Pariaut R. Cardiovascular system. In: Mitchell M, Tully T, eds. Current Therapy in Exotic Pet Practice; Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2016:151-220.; Fitzgerald BC, Dias S, Martorell J. Cardiovascular drugs in avian, small mammal, and reptile medicine. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2018;21(2):399-442. doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2018.01.015 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.18 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Birds). — CORROBORATED 2026-08-06 by Samour J (ed), Avian Medicine, 3rd ed, Elsevier 2016 (ISBN 978-0-7234-3832-8), Table 13-11: Furosemide, Parrots, raptors, 0.15-2 mg/kg (PO). A second text, independent of the source already cited; it corroborates the figure and does not by itself establish that the dose is correct.
· Beaufrere H, Schilliger L, Pariaut R. Cardiovascular system. In: Mitchell M, Tully T, eds. Current Therapy in Exotic Pet Practice; Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2016:151-220.; Fitzgerald BC, Dias S, Martorell J. Cardiovascular drugs in avian, small mammal, and reptile medicine. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2018;21(2):399-442. doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2018.01.015; Pees M, Krautwald-Junghanns M-E, Straub J. Evaluating and treating the cardiovascular system. In: Harrison GJ, Lightfoot TL, eds. Clinical Avian Medicine. 2006;Vol I:379-394. PMID: 40641530 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.18 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Birds). — CORROBORATED 2026-08-06 by Samour J (ed), Avian Medicine, 3rd ed, Elsevier 2016 (ISBN 978-0-7234-3832-8), Table 13-11: Furosemide, Parrots, raptors, 0.15-2 mg/kg (PO). A second text, independent of the source already cited; it corroborates the figure and does not by itself establish that the dose is correct.
· Beaufrère H, Schilliger L, Pariaut R. Cardiovascular system. In: Mitchell M, Tully T, eds. Current Therapy in Exotic Pet Practice; Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2016:151-220. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.491 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.18 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Birds). — CORROBORATED 2026-08-06 by Samour J (ed), Avian Medicine, 3rd ed, Elsevier 2016 (ISBN 978-0-7234-3832-8), Table 13-11: Furosemide, Parrots, raptors, 0.15-2 mg/kg (PO). A second text, independent of the source already cited; it corroborates the figure and does not by itself establish that the dose is correct.
· Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, Table 10.8 'Cardiovascular Agents Used in Rabbits', p.872 (Furosemide continuation): '1-4 mg/kg PO, SC q8, 12, or 24h181b' — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 10.8 (Cardiovascular Agents Used in Rabbits).
· Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, Table 10.8 'Cardiovascular Agents Used in Rabbits', p.872 (continuation of the Furosemide entry begun on p.871): '1-4 mg/kg SC, IM, IV q4-6h194,241 prn — Pulmonary edema' — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 10.8 (Cardiovascular Agents Used in Rabbits).
· Chew D, Schenck P, Jaeger J. Assessment and treatment of clinical cases with elusive disorders of hypercalcemia. Presented at: ACVIM Forum; 2003. — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.563, Furosemide monograph spanning p.563-567.
· Cote E. Feline congestive heart failure: Current diagnosis and management. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2017;47(5):1055-1064. PMID: 28647113 — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.563, Furosemide monograph spanning p.563-567.
· DeFrancesco TC. Management of cardiac emergencies in small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2013;43(4):817-842. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2013.03.012 — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.563, Furosemide monograph spanning p.563-567.
· Ewringmann A, Gloeckner B. Leitsymptome bei Meerschweinchen, Chinchilla und Degu, Enke, Stuttgart, Germany; 2012. | Ewringmann A, Gloeckner B. Leitsymptome bei Hamster, Ratte, Maus und Rennmaus, Enke, Stuttgart, Germany; 2014. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.794 doi:10.1055/b-004-129947 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 9.5 (Cardiovascular Agents Used in Rodents).
· Ewringmann A, Gloeckner B. Leitsymptome bei Meerschweinchen, Chinchilla und Degu, Enke, Stuttgart, Germany; 2012. | Ewringmann A, Gloeckner B. Leitsymptome bei Hamster, Ratte, Maus und Rennmaus, Enke, Stuttgart, Germany; 2014. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.794 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 9.5 (Cardiovascular Agents Used in Rodents).
· Ewringmann A, Gloeckner B. Leitsymptome bei Meerschweinchen, Chinchilla und Degu, Enke, Stuttgart, Germany; 2012. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.794 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 9.5 (Cardiovascular Agents Used in Rodents).
· Hess L. Sugar gliders. In: Aiello SE, eds. Merck Veterinary Manual; Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ; 2016:2035-2043.; Brust DM. What every veterinarian needs to know about sugar gliders. Exotic DVM. 2009;11:32-41.; Hedley J. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary. Part B: Exotic Pets, 10th ed., British Small Animal Veterinary Association. — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 7.5 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Sugar Gliders).
· Jepson L. Snakes. Exotic Animal Medicine: A Quick Reference Guide, Saunders/Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA; 2009:315-357. (co-cited: Jepson L. Turtles and tortoises, same work, 358-411; Klaphake E, Gibbons PM, Sladky KK, et al. Reptiles. In: Carpenter JW, eds. Exotic Animal Formulary, 5th ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2018:81-166.) — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.273 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 4.11 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Reptiles).
· Jepson L. Snakes. Exotic Animal Medicine: A Quick Reference Guide, Saunders/Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA; 2009:315-357. | Jepson L. Turtles and tortoises. In: Exotic Animal Medicine: A Quick Reference Guide, Saunders/Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA; 2009:358-411. | Klaphake E, Gibbons PM, Sladky KK, et al. Reptiles. In: Carpenter JW, eds. Exotic Animal Formulary, 5th ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2018:81-166. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.273 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 4.11 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Reptiles).
· Jepson L. Snakes. Exotic Animal Medicine: A Quick Reference Guide, Saunders/Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA; 2009:315-357. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.273 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 4.11 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Reptiles).
· Jepson L. Turtles and tortoises. In: Exotic Animal Medicine: A Quick Reference Guide, Saunders/Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA; 2009:358-411. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.273 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 4.11 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Reptiles).
· Keene BW, Atkins CE, Bonagura JD, et al. ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2019;33:1127-1140. doi:10.1111/jvim.15488 — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.563, Furosemide monograph spanning p.563-567.
· Keene BW, Atkins CE, Bonagura JD, et al. ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2019;33:1127-1140. doi:10.1111/jvim.15488; DeFrancesco TC. Management of cardiac emergencies in small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2013;43(4):817-842. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2013.03.012 — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.563, Furosemide monograph spanning p.563-567.
· Klaphake E, Gibbons PM, Sladky KK, et al. Reptiles. In: Carpenter JW, eds. Exotic Animal Formulary, 5th ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2018:81-166.; Jepson L. Snakes. Exotic Animal Medicine: A Quick Reference Guide, Saunders/Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA; 2009:315-357.; Jepson L. Turtles and tortoises. In: Exotic Animal Medicine: A Quick Reference Guide, Saunders/Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA; 2009:358-411. — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 4.11 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Reptiles).
· Meredith A. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary: Part B: Exotic Pets, British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Quedgeley, Gloucester, UK; 2015. — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 9.5 (Cardiovascular Agents Used in Rodents).
· Mogg T. Equine cardiac disease: clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 1999;15:523-534. doi:10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30130-x; Redpath A, Bowen M. Cardiac therapeutics in horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2019;35(1):217-241. doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2018.11.004 — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.566, Furosemide monograph spanning p.563-567.
· Morrisey JK, Malakoff RL, Quesenberry KE, et al. Cardiovascular and other diseases Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery, 4th ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2021:55-70. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.946 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 11.7 (Cardiopulmonary Agents Used in Ferrets).
· Papich, Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs, 5th Ed., 'Furosemide', Small Animal Dosage, printed p.348: 'Cats — Start with 1 mg/kg, then increase as needed, within a range of 1-4 mg/kg q8-24h IV, IM, SQ, or PO.' — EDITION CORRECTED 2026-08-07: this citation named the 5th edition, which is not held. The page locator resolves in the 4th ed (2016), the copy actually consulted, and that page names the drug; the reference is to the 4th.
· Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th ed (2023) — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.563, Furosemide monograph spanning p.563-567.
· Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th ed (2023) — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.563, Furosemide monograph spanning p.563-567. — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 10.10 (Miscellaneous Agents Used in Rabbits).
· Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th ed (2023) — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.563, Furosemide monograph spanning p.563-567. — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.564, Furosemide monograph. — Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th ed, Furosemide monograph, printed p.566, CATS, Extra-Label Dosages: "Severe acute cardiogenic or pulmonary edema (parenteral administration): 1 - 3 mg/kg IV, IM, or SC […]"