What is Ivermectin used for?

Ivermectin is indicated for: acanthocephalans, also the tracheal mite Ptilonyssus morofskyi, bots, Cheyletiella (fur mites), cheyletiellosis, Demodex, Demodex infestation (demodicosis), Demodicosis, Ear mites, Ear mites (Psoroptes cuniculi), ectoparasites, Ectoparasites (alternative to injection), ectoparasites (Knemidokoptes, Dermanyssus), Ectoparasites (mites), Ectoparasites (mites, lice), external parasites, feather mites, Fur mites, Gastrointestinal nematodes, Generalized demodicosis (high dose), GI nematodes, GI nematodes (Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus), GI strongyles, Heartworm prevention, hookworms, Internal and external parasites, Knemidocoptes mites (scaly face/leg), Knemidokoptes, Knemidokoptes pilae infestation (scaly face/scaly leg mite), leeches, lice, lungworms, mange, Mange mites (Trixacarus caviae), mites, Mites (alternate), most ectoparasites (incl. Knemidokoptes, Dermanyssus), most ectoparasites (including Knemidokoptes, Dermanyssus), Most nematodes, Nematodes, Nematodes (including lungworms), Notoedric mites, pinworms, Quill mites, Sarcoptic mange, sarcoptic mites, scabies, Strongyloides sp. (strongyloidiasis) infection, whipworms.

What routes can Ivermectin be administered by?

Available routes: PO, SC, TOPICAL.

Which species have cited Ivermectin dosing data?

Ivermectin dosing in the ExoticRx formulary covers 41 species: African Clawed Frog, African Grey Parrot, African Pygmy Hedgehog, Axolotl, Ball Python, Bearded Dragon, Blue-and-Gold Macaw, Budgerigar, Canary, Cat (Domestic), Cattle (Beef/Dairy), Chicken (Poultry), Chinchilla, Corn Snake, Degu, Dog (Domestic), Domestic Pigeon, Dwarf Hamster, Ferret, Fire Salamander, Goat (Caprine), Green Iguana, Green-cheeked Conure, Guinea Pig, Horse (Equine), Houston Toad, Leopard Gecko, Lovebird, Mouse, Panther Chameleon, Pet Rat, Prairie Dog, Rabbit (Domestic), Sheep (Ovine), Sugar Glider, Swine (Pig), Syrian Hamster, Turkey, Umbrella Cockatoo, White's Tree Frog, Zebra Finch.

Is Ivermectin a controlled substance?

Ivermectin is not federally scheduled in the US. Controlled-drug status differs by country — verify your local rules.

Ivermectin

US brand names:Ivomec, Heartgard

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Contraindicated in Tortoise / Turtle

Tortoise / Turtle: Ivermectin causes fatal toxicosis in chelonians at doses other reptiles tolerateChelonians are far more sensitive than lizards and snakes: doses routine elsewhere in reptile practice have produced paralysis and death in turtles and tortoises. Do not use ivermectin in chelonians; use fenbendazole or another alternative. (The cited study did find 0.05 mg/kg IM tolerated in red-footed tortoises when not repeated inside 7 days, so the hazard is dose- and interval-dependent rather than absolute — but that margin is far too narrow to work to in a clinical setting.)

Sourced from published veterinary references. Awaiting credentialed clinical reviewer — our editorial process.

Ivermectin is dosed at 0.2–0.4 mg/kg PO q14d in rabbits, per Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th ed (2023) (traced through to Plumb’s 10thttp.740 ref 75: Ivey E, Morrisey J. Therapeutics for rabbits. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2000;3(1):183-216.) — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.709, Ivermectin monograph spanning p.709-713. — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 10.3 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Rabbits.a). Verify against current literature before clinical use.

Drug Class

Antiparasitic

Routes

POSCTOPICAL

Indications

acanthocephalansalso the tracheal mite Ptilonyssus morofskyibotsCheyletiella (fur mites)cheyletiellosisDemodexDemodex infestation (demodicosis)DemodicosisEar mites Ear mites (Psoroptes cuniculi)ectoparasites Ectoparasites (alternative to injection)

Show all 49

ectoparasites (Knemidokoptes, Dermanyssus)Ectoparasites (mites)Ectoparasites (mites, lice)external parasitesfeather mites Fur mites

Mechanism of Action

Potentiates glutamate-gated chloride channels in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells, causing paralysis and death of parasites.

Side effects & warnings

TOXIC to MDR1-mutant dogs (Collies, Shelties, Aussies) at elevated doses. DO NOT use in chelonians (turtles/tortoises). Narrow safety margin in some species. Test MDR1 status before use in herding breeds.

Species with Ivermectin dosing data (66 dose rules)

African Clawed Frog African Grey Parrot African Pygmy Hedgehog Axolotl Ball Python Bearded Dragon Blue-and-Gold Macaw Budgerigar Canary Cat (Domestic)Cattle (Beef/Dairy)Chicken (Poultry)Chinchilla Corn Snake Degu

Evidence levels across 66 dose rules

Moderate×41Strong×11Weak×14

Each ExoticRx dose rule is graded by the strength of its primary evidence — see the editorial process.

Sample dosing (2 of 66 cited rules)

A dog/cat sample is shown here. Cited dosing for all 41 species — reptiles, birds, pocket pets, livestock, and equine — is free on the per-species pages above. Pro adds the weight-based calculator for every species.

Species	Route	Dose	Frequency	Evidence	Source
Dog (Domestic)	PO	0.006–0.012 mg/kg	q30d	Strong	Heartgard® Tablets [Package Insert]. Merial; 2015. — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.709, Ivermectin monograph spanning p.709-713. — Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th ed, Ivermectin monograph, printed p.711, DOGS: "Heartworm prevention (label dosage; FDA-approved): Minimum dosage of 6 ug/kg (0.006 mg/kg) PO per month."Compilation only — we have not located an independent source that prints this figure.
Dog (Domestic)	PO	0.3–0.6 mg/kg	q24h	Strong	Mueller RS, Bensignor E, Ferrer L, et al. Treatment of demodicosis in dogs: 2011 clinical practice guidelines. Vet Dermatol. 2012;23(2):86-96, e20-21. / 50. Waisglass S. Demodicosis update--some considerations to increase your success rate. Presented at: WVC; 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.01026.x — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.709, Ivermectin monograph spanning p.709-713.

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Backed by 43 published sourcesShow

· 127. Flach EJ, Riley J, Mutlow AG, et al. Pentastomiasis in Bosc's monitor lizards (Varanus exanthematicus) caused by an undescribed Sambonia species. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2000;31:91-95. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.227 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 4.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Reptiles).
· 130. Morrisey JK, Carpenter JW. Formulary. In: Quesenberry KE, Carpenter JW, eds. Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery, 4th ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2021:620-630. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.777 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 9.2 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Rodents).

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Calculate Dosage for Ivermectin

Generalized demodicosis (high dose)

Heartworm prevention

Internal and external parasites

Knemidokoptes pilae infestation (scaly face/scaly leg mite)

Strongyloides sp. (strongyloidiasis) infection

244. Dorrestein GM, van Der Horst HH.A, Cremers HJ.W.M, et al. Quill mite (Dermoglyphus passerinus) infestation of canaries (Serinus canaria): diagnosis and | 861. Siddalls M, Currier TA, Pang J, et al. Infestation of research zebra finch colony with 2 novel mite species. Comp Med. 2015;65:51-53. | 203. Davies RR. Passerine birds: going light. In: Chitty J, Lierz M, eds. BSAVA Manual of Raptors, Pigeons and Passerine Birds; British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Gloucester, UK; 2008:365-369. | 159. Formulary. In: Chitty J, Lierz M, eds. BSAVA Manual of Raptors, Pigeons and Passerine Birds; British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Gloucester, UK; 2008:384-390. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.435 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Birds). — RETRIEVED FINDING - CHANGE REQUIRED (retrieved 2026-08-19): parenteral ivermectin may be toxic to finches and budgerigars;391 — Carpenter's 6th ed, Table 5.4 (same page as the row) + ref 861 = Siddalls 2015: "topical ivermectin (200 µg/kg in propylene glycol applied to the skin under a wing)" … "2 biweekly applications" … "there has been no evidence of ivermectin toxicity" — Comp Med 2015;65:51-53, PMC4396929

· 378. Harlin RW. Pigeon therapeutics. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2000;3:19-34. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.435 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Birds).

· 43. Bailey TA, Apo MM. Pharmaceutics commonly used in avian medicine. In: Samour J, eds. Avian Medicine, 3rd ed., Mosby Elsevier, Edinburgh, Scotland; 2016:637-678. | 159. Formulary. In: Chitty J, Lierz M, eds. BSAVA Manual of Raptors, Pigeons and Passerine Birds; British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Gloucester, UK; 2008:384-390. | 378. Harlin RW. Pigeon therapeutics. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2000;3:19-34. | 873. Smith JA. Passeriformes (songbirds, perching birds). In: Miller RE, Fowler ME, eds. Fowler's Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 2015;Vol 8, Elsevier, St. Louis, MO, 236-246. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.435 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Birds).

· 43. Bailey TA, Apo MM. Pharmaceutics commonly used in avian medicine. In: Samour J, eds. Avian Medicine, 3rd ed., Mosby Elsevier, Edinburgh, Scotland; 2016:637-678. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.435 doi:10.1016/b978-0-7234-3832-8.00023-7 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Birds).

· 43. Bailey TA, Apo MM. Pharmaceutics commonly used in avian medicine. In: Samour J, eds. Avian Medicine, 3rd ed., Mosby Elsevier, Edinburgh, Scotland; 2016:637-678. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.435 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Birds).

· Bailey TA, Apo MM. Pharmaceutics commonly used in avian medicine. In: Samour J, eds. Avian Medicine, 3rd ed., Mosby Elsevier, Edinburgh, Scotland; 2016:637-678. / 159. Formulary. In: Chitty J, Lierz M, eds. BSAVA Manual of Raptors, Pigeons and Passerine Birds; British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Gloucester, UK; 2008:384-390. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7234-3832-8.00023-7 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Birds).

· Bailey TA, Apo MM. Pharmaceutics commonly used in avian medicine. In: Samour J, eds. Avian Medicine, 3rd ed., Mosby Elsevier, Edinburgh, Scotland; 2016:637-678. / 873. Smith JA. Passeriformes (songbirds, perching birds). In: Miller RE, Fowler ME, eds. Fowler’s Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 2015;Vol 8, Elsevier, St. Louis, MO, 236-246. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7234-3832-8.00023-7 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Birds).Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Volume 8 (Smith JA. Passeriformes (songbirds, perching birds). 2015:236-246, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-7397-8.00031-1 — ISBN 9781455773978, https://openlibrary.org/isbn/9781455773978

· Bailey TA, Apo MM. Pharmaceutics commonly used in avian medicine. In: Samour J, eds. Avian Medicine, 3rd ed., Mosby Elsevier, Edinburgh, Scotland; 2016:637-678. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.435 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Birds).

· Beco L, Petite A, Olivry T. Comparison of subcutaneous ivermectin and oral moxidectin for the treatment of notoedric acariasis in hamsters. Vet Rec. 2001;149:324-327. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.777 doi:10.1136/vr.149.11.324 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 9.2 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Rodents).

· Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th ed, Table 9.2. NOTE: the served figure was matched against the table as a whole, not against this drug's own row, so confirm the number on the page before relying on it.

· Dorrestein GM, van Der Horst HH.A, Cremers HJ.W.M, et al. Quill mite (Dermoglyphus passerinus) infestation of canaries (Serinus canaria): diagnosis and treatment. Avian Pathol. 1997;26:195-199. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.435 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 5.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Birds).

· Doss G, Carpenter J, et al. African pygmy hedgehogs. In: Quesenberry K, OrcuttC, Mans C, et al. Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery, 4th ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2021:401-415.; Heatley J. Hedgehogs. In: Mitchell MA, Tully TN Jr., eds. Manual of Exotic Pet Practice; Saunders/Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2009:433-455.; Morrisey JK, Carpenter JW, et al. Formulary. In: Quesenberry Q, OrcuttC, Mans C, et al. Ferrets, Rabbits and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery, 4th ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2021:620-630.

· Eqvalan® Paste 1.87% [Product Label]. Merial; 2008. — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.712, Ivermectin monograph spanning p.709-713.

· FARAD Withdrawal Guidelines — dose corroborated 2026-08-05 in Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook 10th ed, Ivermectin monograph, printed p.712. NOTE: FARAD publishes meat/milk WITHDRAWAL intervals for extralabel use; it is not the source of the dose itself, so the dose is cited to Plumb's and FARAD retained for the withdrawal guidance.

· Flach EJ, Riley J, Mutlow AG, et al. Pentastomiasis in Bosc's monitor lizards (Varanus exanthematicus) caused by an undescribed Sambonia species. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2000;31:91-95. (co-cited: Klaphake E, Gibbons PM, Sladky KK, et al. Reptiles. In: Carpenter JW, eds. Exotic Animal Formulary, 5th ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2018:81-166.) — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.227 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 4.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Reptiles).

· Flach EJ, Riley J, Mutlow AG, et al. Pentastomiasis in Bosc's monitor lizards (Varanus exanthematicus) caused by an undescribed Sambonia species. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2000;31:91-95. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.227 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 4.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Reptiles).

· Heartgard® Tablets [Package Insert]. Merial; 2015. — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.709, Ivermectin monograph spanning p.709-713. — Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th ed, Ivermectin monograph, printed p.711, DOGS: "Heartworm prevention (label dosage; FDA-approved): Minimum dosage of 6 ug/kg (0.006 mg/kg) PO per month."

· Heng Y, Sekar SD, Panarese R, Hsu CD, Xie S. Management of a fatal outbreak of strongyloidiasis in a captive population of panther chameleons (Furcifer pardalis) with ivermectin. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2023;54(2):282-291. doi:10.1638/2022-0132 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37428690/

· Hillyer EV, Brown SA. Ferrets. In: Birchard SJ, Sherding RG, eds. Saunders Manual of Small Animal Practice; WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA; 1994:1317-1344. — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 11.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Ferrets).

· Ivomec Sheep Drench Dewormer [Product Insert]. Merial — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.712, Ivermectin monograph spanning p.709-713. — 21 CFR § 520.1195 (Ivermectin liquid), conditions of use for Sheep: 0.2-0.2 mg/kg. Related tolerances: 21 CFR § 556.344. Retrieved from the eCFR API, snapshot 2026-01-01. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/section-520.1195

· Ivomec® 1% Injection for Cattle and Swine [Product Label]. Merial; 2010. — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.709, Ivermectin monograph spanning p.709-713. — 21 CFR § 522.1192 (Ivermectin), conditions of use for Cattle: 0.2-0.2 mg/kg. Related tolerances: 21 CFR § 556.344. Retrieved from the eCFR API, snapshot 2026-01-01. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/section-522.1192

· Klaphake E, Gibbons PM, Sladky KK, et al. Reptiles. In: Carpenter JW, eds. Exotic Animal Formulary, 5th ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2018:81-166. / 127. Flach EJ, Riley J, Mutlow AG, et al. Pentastomiasis in Bosc’s monitor lizards (Varanus exanthematicus) caused by an undescribed Sambonia species. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2000;31:91-95. — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 4.4 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Reptiles).

· Koch S, Torres S, Plumb DC. Small Animal Dermatology Drug Handbook. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.709, Ivermectin monograph spanning p.709-713.

· Meredith A. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary: Part B: Exotic Pets, British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Quedgeley, Gloucester, UK; 2015. — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 9.2 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Rodents).

· Meredith A. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary: Part B: Exotic Pets, British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Quedgeley, Gloucester, UK; 2015. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.777 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 9.2 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Rodents).

· Meredith A. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary: Part B: Exotic Pets, British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Quedgeley, Gloucester, UK; 2015.; Eshar D, Bdolah-Abram T. Comparison of efficacy, safety, and convenience of selamectin versus ivermectin for treatment of Trixacarus caviae mange in pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2012;241:1056-1058. doi:10.2460/javma.241.8.1056 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 9.2 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Rodents).

· Miller, W.H., Griffin, C.E., & Campbell, K.L. (2013f) Parasitic skin disease. In: Muller and Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology (eds. Miller, W.H., Griffin, C.E., & Campbell, K.L.), 7th ed., pp. 284-342. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. — Veterinary Ophthalmology (Gelatt), 6th Ed, p.1782

· Morrisey JK, Carpenter JW, et al. Formulary. In: Quesenberry KE, OrcuttCJ, Mans C, et al. Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery, 4th ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2021:620-630. / 15. Johnson R, Hemsley S. Gliders and possums. In: Vogelnest L, Woods R, eds. Medicine of Australian Mammals; CSIRO Publishing, Clayton South, Vic; 2008:395-437. — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 7.2 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Sugar Gliders).

· Morrisey JK, Carpenter JW. Formulary. In: Quesenberry KE, Carpenter JW, eds. Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery, 4th ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2021:620-630. — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 9.2 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Rodents).

· Morrisey JK, Carpenter JW. Formulary. In: Quesenberry KE, Carpenter JW, eds. Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery, 4th ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, MO; 2021:620-630. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.777 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 9.2 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Rodents).

· Mueller RS, Bensignor E, Ferrer L, et al. Treatment of demodicosis in dogs: 2011 clinical practice guidelines. Vet Dermatol. 2012;23(2):86-96, e20-21. / 50. Waisglass S. Demodicosis update--some considerations to increase your success rate. Presented at: WVC; 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.01026.x — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.709, Ivermectin monograph spanning p.709-713.

· Ozturk M, Dogu M, Umur S. Morphological identification and treatment of Knemidokoptes pilae (Lavoipierre & Griffiths, 1951) infestation in Budgerigars. Vet Res Commun. 2026;50(3). doi:10.1007/s11259-026-11176-6 https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41874842

· Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th ed (2023) (traced through to Plumb’s 10thttp.740 ref 75: Ivey E, Morrisey J. Therapeutics for rabbits. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2000;3(1):183-216.) — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.709, Ivermectin monograph spanning p.709-713. — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 10.3 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Rabbits.a).

· Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th ed (2023) — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.709, Ivermectin monograph spanning p.709-713. — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 10.3 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Rabbits.a).

· Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th ed (2023) — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.709, Ivermectin monograph spanning p.709-713. — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.712, Ivermectin monograph.

· Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th ed (2023) — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.709, Ivermectin monograph spanning p.709-713. — Plumb's 10th ed, Ivermectin monograph, printed p.709-713. — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.712, Ivermectin monograph.

· Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 10th ed (2023) — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.712, Ivermectin monograph spanning p.709-713.

· Ramsey I, ed. BSAVA Small Animal Formulary, 10th ed. Part B: Exotic Pets. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2023. p.170.

· Tani K, Iwanaga T, Sonoda K, et al. Ivermectin treatment of demodicosis in 56 hamsters. J Vet Med Sci. 2001;63:1245-1247. — Source: Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary, 6th Ed, p.777 doi:10.1292/jvms.63.1245 — Carpenter's Exotic Animal Formulary 6th ed, Table 9.2 (Antiparasitic Agents Used in Rodents).

· US FDA. Ivomec Cattle Paste 0.153% (ivermectin), NADA 137-006, Boehringer Ingelheim. https://animaldrugsatfda.fda.gov/adafda/app/search/public/retrievePreviewBean/2012 - cattle (beef; dairy not of breeding age); 23 mg per 250 lb BW (0.2 mg/kg) orally; meat 24 d; no milk withdrawal established. — 21 CFR § 522.1192 (Ivermectin), conditions of use for Cattle: 0.2-0.2 mg/kg. Related tolerances: 21 CFR § 556.344. Retrieved from the eCFR API, snapshot 2026-01-01. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/section-522.1192

· Xeno® 450 Spot-on Solution for Topical Administration [UK Package Insert]. Dechra; 2013. / 72. Xeno® 50-Mini Spot-on Solution for Topical Administration [UK Package Insert]. Genitrix; 2013. — Plumb's 10th ed printed p.709, Ivermectin monograph spanning p.709-713.